Obesity Prevention Of Obesity - 2017 Words

Prevention of Obesity in the Children of Latino Parents in California Public Health Issue Obesity is one of the biggest problems in the U.S. that causes significant numbers of morbidity and mortality rates. These rates have been significantly increasing over the past few decades affecting both well developed, and moderately developed countries. The problem is not only present within adult population but is also a considerable issue among children in the US. The cause of obesity, is the difficulty to resist the extremely plentiful variety of foods and fast food restaurants in our world today (Freedman, 2011). Many health issues such as heart diseases, diabetes, cancers, chronic pulmonary diseases, and neurological disease are the direct result of constant and uncontrolled overeating. This issue of obesity can be prevented or treated by the behavioral modification, where children are controlled and taught healthy eating habits. This method is one of the least expensive with positive outcomes. PHNs must acquire a role of educator to teach children and the ir families the healthy eating habits, and weight management. There are about 25 million children that are overweight in the U.S. or at risk for becoming obese. Luzier and colleagues suggest that there is an increase in cases of obesity among families of low socioeconomic status. Among Mexican Americans, the statistics accounted for 44% of children with obesity and comparing that with Caucasian which were 29%. TheShow MoreRelatedObesity And The Prevention Of Obesity1496 Words   |  6 PagesThe epidemic if obesity has increased dramatically among children. Studies show nearly forty percent of American school age children are obese (Berk, 2008). Obesity has become a big problem with children because the children are falling in the eating habits of their parents. Children have also started playing video games which doesn’t require any exercise. Children sit home all day and eat. The difference from then and now is that children didn’t have all those video games and they wanted to go outRead MoreChildhood Obesity Prevention1264 Words   |  5 PagesChildhood Obesity Prevention Childhood obesity is a huge problem in our society, so here are two articles that researched one option to aid in the prevention of the epidemic: vegetarianism. The first article â€Å"Vegetarian Diets and Childhood Obesity Prevention† by Joan Sabate` and Michelle Wien from The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition May 2010 vol. 91 no. 5 1525S-1529S and the second article is â€Å"Vegetarian Children: Appropriate and Inappropriate Diets† by Cathy Jacobs, MS, RD,: and JohannaRead More Prevention of Obesity Essay1265 Words   |  6 Pagesrelation to the prevention of obesity. An insight into the prevalence of obesity as well as the causes and its effects shall be evaluated. Public health strategies on the prevention of obesity and its effects in relation to Government strategies shall be addressed. A snapshot about the role of the nurse as an educator in relation to this public health issue as well as strategies formulated by Hillingdon PCT to prevent obesity and how it focuses on other diseases associated with obesity shall be discussedRead MoreObesity And Methods Of Prevention1631 Words   |  7 PagesOmer Professor Pozos Biology 100 9 December 2014 Obesity and Methods of Prevention In the United States alone, there are more than 78.6 million obese adults. Obesity is a disease that is growing rapidly and has the ability to rip families apart due to the massive destruction it causes to one’s health. Obesity is a very deadly disease and it needs to be stopped. But are there ways to prevent it and save many lives? In this essay, I will explain obesity from a biological perspective and state the differentRead MoreEducation, Prevention And Control Of Obesity944 Words   |  4 Pagesvarious programs aimed at education, prevention and control of obesity. Below we will discuss some of the programs initiated by the federal and state government to fight this epidemic. The program Healthy people 2020 - a broad federal program with the goal of improving the health of all Americans. Under Healthy People 2020, several initiatives have been established with the help of other government offices to target different approaches in combating obesity. â€Å"Aim for a Healthy Weight† for exampleRead MoreEssay On Prevention Of Overweight And Obesity729 Words   |  3 PagesA systematic review by Wofford (2008) identified the current state of the evidence related to the prevention of overweight and obesity in children. The results indicate five areas of emphasis or threads in the literature: prevalence of the problem; prevention as the best option; preschool population as the target; crucial parental involvement; and numerous guidelines. So far, many behavioral/nutrition interventions in schools, communities or within the home have been considered. But the literatureRead MoreEthics And Prevention Of Childhood Obesity946 Words   |  4 PagesPractice I ssue and Significance of Obesity management and prevention The practice issue in question is the management and prevention of childhood obesity. Obesity is defined as a body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to the 95th percentile (Lopez, 2016. p 243). This problem is highly influenced by factors such as lack of activity, high caloric intake more than what the body needs to function well. Childhood obesity is at alarming rate in the United States. It is one of the major publicRead MorePrevention Of Child Obesity And Children Essay3422 Words   |  14 Pages Prevention of Child Obesity in Children Anthony Smith East Tennessee State University â€Æ' Prevention of Child Obesity in Children Introduction Over the years, several issues have affected populations in the world. These issues have ranged from political, economic, social and most importantly, health matters. Factually, health matters have been at the cause of outcries around theRead MoreObesity And Pregnancy : Early Education And Prevention1290 Words   |  6 PagesObesity and Pregnancy: Early education and prevention Alicia Gonzalez de Arreola ENG 122: English Composition Professor Amy Erickson August 25, 2014 â€Æ' Obesity and Pregnancy: Early Education and Prevention Obesity has become an epidemic not only in the United States, it is worldwide (Sullivan, 2014). Obesity affects both mother and child leading to severe complications during and after birth, therefore measures should be taken to monitor and educate women and women who plan on becoming pregnant.Read MoreChildhood Obesity : Health Issues And Prevention921 Words   |  4 PagesChildhood Obesity: Health Issues and Prevention Introduction Obesity as an epidemic has become increasingly troublesome as it has tripled its rate in the current generation of children and adolescents (CDC, 2015). It has been linked to various health related problems that decrease the quality of life and a serious threat to the longevity of the young generation (MDCH, 2009). Obese children can suffer with debilitating, if not fatal diseases such as diabetes and hypertension, not to mention its psychosocial

Raising The Federal Minimum Wage - 1277 Words

The idea of raising the federal minimum wage that has developed nation wide attention, including protesting and arguments, has caused many discussions on why it could potentially help the economy grow and how it could result in the crash of the economy. Many people feel like raising the federal minimum wage is a must, while others think it will destroy the economy. There are many benefits that come with raising the federal minimum wage, but those benefits also come with many disadvantages. The first federal minimum wage mandated by the government was in 1938. When the first minimum wage became law in 1938, it was set at just 25 cents. Today, the federal minimum wage mandated by the government is set at $7.25 an hour. â€Å"Many states have their own set minimum wages, which are currently above $7.25 per hour already. Currently, 29 states and the District of Columbia (D.C.) have minimum wages above the federal minimum wage of $7.25 per hour. D.C. s new wage of $10.50 an hour makes it the first jurisdiction to cross the $10 threshold among the states,† (Halvorson). The last time that the federal minimum wage mandated by the government was changed was over 8 years ago. â€Å"The last time Congress voted to raise the minimum wage to its current rate of $7.25 an hour was on May 24, 2007. Since then, the cost of life s essentials has shot up. Groceries cost 20% more, a gallon of gas costs 25% more, and average tuition at a community college increased 44%. But the minimum wage remains atShow MoreRelatedRaising The Federal Minimum Wage889 Words   |  4 Pages In my report, I will go into detail and show how raising the federal minimum wage would positively effect the economy. In doing so, I will be discussing how an increase in the federal minimum wage would make a vast improvement on the way many low income families live, and also how raising the federal minimum wage would boost the economy as it desperately needs. In raising the federal minimum wage, one might argue that it would cause a spike in the unemployment rate. The reasoning is that it wouldRead MoreRaising The Federal Minimum Wage799 Words   |  4 Pages In the US, President Barack Obama urges Congress to raise the federal minimum wage to $10.10 an hour from $7.25. Although some Republicans oppose to this action, overwhelming majority of Americans see that is a good idea (The Guardian, 2014). Regarding to the issue of minimum wage, there have been lots of debates for a long time. Some economists such as Milton Friedman deeply believe that minimum wage kills jobs, but some like Alan Krueger and David Card think, to some extend, it actually increasedRead MoreRaising The Federal Minimum Wage1225 Words   |  5 Pages Study shows that wage increases do lower poverty, by 2.4% if wage at $8.00, consistent with other studies. (Washington Post/ Arin Dube) 1. Raising the federal minimum wage doesn’t cause substantial unemployment as most economists agree, including over 600 economists who wrote a letter to Congress urging a wage increase, and the Economic Policy Institute. A. Identify shortcomings of the opposition (fallacies they make, or weaknesses in the evidence they use) 1. Arin Dube’s study would be great,Read MoreRaising The Federal Minimum Wage969 Words   |  4 Pages At the heart of this plan was the idea that wages must be set and fair. â€Å"No business which depends for existence on paying less than living wages to its workers has any right to continue in this country.†(Roosevelt) This plan became the Fair Labor Standards Act, which set the Federal Minimum wage. Minimum wage has increased, slowly, over the years, but has not kept up with its intended purpose. Raising the federal minimum wage to a fair living wage level will improve the lives of the working poorRead MoreThe Benefits of Raising the Federal Minimum Wage1334 Words   |  6 PagesPicture this: You are a single parent of two, you work 40 hours a week plus occasional overtime at a minimum wage paying job, you struggle to put food on the table to feed your family, and then you receive a call from the bank saying that your home is being foreclosed. This is the situatio n faced by thousands of Americans every year due to low income and wealth inequality. The federal minimum wage (FMW) as of April 2014 is $7.25, which is not enough to keep a family of two above the poverty line.Read MoreEconomic Outcomes Of Raising The Federal Minimum Wage1489 Words   |  6 Pagespercent of all wage and salary workers. Among those paid by the hour, 1.3 million earned exactly the prevailing federal minimum wage of $7.25 per hour. About 1.7 million had wages below the federal minimum. Together, these 3.0 million workers with wages at or below the federal minimum made up 3.9 percent of all hourly paid workers†(Ratio of Minimum Wage). The Federal minimum wage drives debate among people today, and with many wanting the federal government to raise the minimum wage to fifteen dollarsRead MoreMinimum Wage And Fight Income Equality On Numerous Occasions1470 Words   |  6 PagesPresident Obama has expressed his desire to raise the minimum wage and fight income equal ity on numerous occasions. On January 20, 2015, president Obama made the following statement in his State of the Union Address: Of course, nothing helps families make ends meet like higher wages†¦and to everyone in this Congress who still refuses to raise the minimum wage, I say this: if you truly believe you could work full-time and support a family on less than $15,000 a year, go try it. If not, vote to giveRead MoreMinimum Wage Laws For The United States Essay1742 Words   |  7 PagesThe minimum wage is the mandated price floor paid on hourly or daily basis for the employees regulated by the government or the union. In â€Å"Federal Minimum Wage†, New Zealand and Australia enacted the first minimum wage law during the late 19th century to prevent employers’ exploitation of workers. In 1912, Massachusetts passed the first minimum wage legislation in the US that was enforced for women and children, and fifteen more states followed in the next eleven years. Howe ver, the Supreme CourtRead MoreU.s. Federal Minimum Wage Essay951 Words   |  4 PagesCongress passed the federal minimum wage law in 1938 as part of their Fair Labor Standards Act. Federal minimum wages were intended to ensure fair wages were paid to an alarming amount of women and youths employed and paid substandard wages. This also seems to be the case today, where countless Americans who work full time, cannot make ends meet by making minimum wage. Evidence shows that raising the minimum wage would drive consumer spending, thus producing faster macroeconomic growth. Wage stagnation isRead MoreU.s. Federal Minimum Wage Essay1162 Words   |  5 PagesThe current U.S. Federal Minimum Wage is $7.25 per hour. In just two years from 2013, the demanded from advocates for raising minimum wage rose from $9 to $15. However, raising the minimum wage is more complex than simply raising the number of federal standard of pay for employees. Relative control groups and other market activiti es play a part in the outcome of the minimum wage. For example, one instance of market activity was observers said that raising the minimum wage did not hurt individuals;

A Comparison Between The Works Of Amedeo Modigliani And Jacques Villon Essay Example For Students

A Comparison Between The Works Of Amedeo Modigliani And Jacques Villon Essay Italian-born Cubist painter, Amedeo Modigliani 1884-1920 and the French, Jacques Villon 1875-1963, both painted vibrant and expressive portraits during the early twentieth-century. In this case, the chosen portraits are Modiglianis Portrait of Mrs. Hastings, 1915 and Villons Mme. Fulgence, 1936. Both of these compositions are portraits. Nothing is of more importance than the sitter herself. The female sitter in Modiglianis piece, sits in an almost dizzying pose with a twist in her elongated neck a Modigliani trademark, a stylized and mask-like head and a columnar neck. All of which give the sitter a blank and ashen expression. She looks at the viewer, head-on with a most piercing air in her eyes. In Villons case, his female sitter has been created solely with the use of layered colours and a very random synthetist outline technique a similar technique the post-impressionist painter Gaugin used. Modigliani outlines his figure moreso in black than Villon. Mme. Fulgences age is understood by the strong dynamic colour quality that has been used to break her face apart. In a way, these colourful divisions act as wrinkles. For instance, the chunk of layered pink on her lip creates a scowl and the heavily applied white on her nose helps it to seem upright; a snobbish upturn. Colours such as the orange, have been used to highlight her left cheek and only visible ear. With these effects, the viewer sees Mme. Fulgence as a very proper andposh if you will woman. Bitterness is only a common linkage with the other attributes. Modiglianis Hastings on the other hand seems to be an intense woman of a compassionate nature. Both of these pieces have relied heavily on the expressive and wild use of colour to create emotional expressions and unerring form. Both of these portraits are created using oil paintsModiglianis on cardboard and Villons on canvas. The most important element that draws their work away from the mainstream is their heavy application of paint. Although they both apply their colour liberally, Modiglianis strokes are thick, jagged, and for the most part random. His brushstrokes are also particularly long, whereas Villons are short and brief. Modigliani uses monochromatic hues of red to create the prominent colour of the piece and like Villon, he has used a very vague background to express the importance of his sitter. Colour is of equal importance in both pieces as it draws the viewer in and allows the viewers eyes to be brought around the piece. Modigliani has split his background from top to bottom, using red and strokes of burnt sienna at first, then an auburn and deeper red for the bottom. This definite split in the background creates a base so that the chair on which the sitter is seated does not get lost and mistaken for part of the background. The weighty application in both portraits creates a brilliant textural finish. The expressive nature that is brought out in the quick brushstrokes  is equally defined in the actual texture of the painting plain. In Modiglianis background, the strokes are long and applied at a rapid pace. Whereas in Villons background, his strokes are shorter and seem to have more of a planned location just as Seurat applies his paint. Villon has placed his subject in front of the background in an almost symmetrical manner. This poses the idea that the two really do not have an intense relationship whatsoever. The Madame is not quite centred to look at the viewer dead-on as Modiglianis is, her body is shifted slightly to the left. Modiglianis sitter, on the other hand has been placed carefully on her foreground, off to the left. This brings in ample space for the chair. Having his subject seated, Modigliani says more about the subjects surroundings. .u418441b8078953def8c9fdc50af220a5 , .u418441b8078953def8c9fdc50af220a5 .postImageUrl , .u418441b8078953def8c9fdc50af220a5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u418441b8078953def8c9fdc50af220a5 , .u418441b8078953def8c9fdc50af220a5:hover , .u418441b8078953def8c9fdc50af220a5:visited , .u418441b8078953def8c9fdc50af220a5:active { border:0!important; } .u418441b8078953def8c9fdc50af220a5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u418441b8078953def8c9fdc50af220a5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u418441b8078953def8c9fdc50af220a5:active , .u418441b8078953def8c9fdc50af220a5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u418441b8078953def8c9fdc50af220a5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u418441b8078953def8c9fdc50af220a5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u418441b8078953def8c9fdc50af220a5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u418441b8078953def8c9fdc50af220a5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u418441b8078953def8c9fdc50af220a5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u418441b8078953def8c9fdc50af220a5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u418441b8078953def8c9fdc50af220a5 .u418441b8078953def8c9fdc50af220a5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u418441b8078953def8c9fdc50af220a5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Business Comparison Of Mail Communications New Technologies Have Alway EssayVillon has merely placed Mme. Fulgence in front of a green background, with only the highlights of her age to carry one through the piece. As stated before, the negative space that is prevalent in both pieces is highly effective as it does not take away from the issue at hand: the seated. Both artists have used the application of their colours to their advantage in creating emotion merely through its use. Whether the colours are blended like Modigliani or choppy and difficult to ingest for the colours are used at their most vibrant tone as Villons are, both artists used an extreme colour palette to bring forth the ideal emotions and/or physical standing of their models.

Piagets stages of cognitive development free essay sample

Piaget is a Swiss developmental psychologist and philosopher known for his epistemological studies with children. Piaget believed that children play an active role in the growth of intelligence. He regarded children as philosophers who perceive the world as he or she experiences it (ICELS). Therefore in Piaget’s most prominent work, his theory on the four stages of cognitive development, much of his inspiration came from observations of children. The theory of cognitive development focuses on mental processes such as perceiving, remembering, believing, and reasoning. Through his work, Piaget showed that children think in considerably different ways than adults do and as such he saw cognitive development as a progressive reorganization of mental processes resulting from maturation and experience (1973). To explain this theory, Piaget used the concept of stages to describe his development as a sequence of the four following stages: sensory – motor, preoperational, concrete operations, and formal operations. There are three elements however to understanding his theory of cognitive development. We will write a custom essay sample on Piagets stages of cognitive development or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They are schema, the fours process that enable transition from on stage to another, and finally the four stages themselves. He began his studies by making naturalistic observations. Piaget made careful, detailed observations of children, typically his own children or their friends, from these he wrote diary descriptions charting their development. He also conducted clinical interviews and observations of older children who were able to understand questions and hold conversations (McLeod 2009). Based off these observation Piaget laid the ground work for his theories on cognitive development starting with the schema. A schema is the basic building block of intelligent behavior, a form of organizing information that a person uses to interpret the things he or she sees, hears, smell, and touches (Singer Revenson, 1997). A schema can be thought of as a unit of knowledge, relating to one aspect of the world including objects, actions, and abstract (theoretical) concepts (ICELS). They are used to understand and to respond to situations and are stored and applied when needed. A child is considered to be in a state of equilibrium or in a state of cognitive balance when she or he is capable of explaining what he or she is perceiving (schema) at the time (ICELS). The processes that form the building blocks of a schema are assimilation and accommodation. Assimilation and accommodation are two of the four processes that enable the transition from one cognitive stage to another. Assimilation is the process of interpreting experiences in terms of schema whereas accommodation is the process of adjusting schema based on new information or new experiences. For example, a child may see a robin flying and thus conclude that all birds fly (assimilation), however upon learning a chicken cannot fly said child would have to adjust their existing schema of birds to accommodate chickens (accommodation). The other two of the four processes that enable the transition from one cognitive stage to another are equilibrium and disequilibrium. Equilibration is said to be the force which moves development along. Equilibrium occurs when a childs schemas can deal with most new information through assimilation. However, a state of disequilibrium occurs when new information cannot be fitted into existing schemas (Piaget 1973, p. 36). Thus the accommodation comes into play in order to restore a state of equilibrium. Together, assimilation and accommodation are processes of adjustment to changes in the environment and are defined as adaptation, the continuous process of using the environment to learn (ICELS). And, according to Piaget, adaptation is the most important principle of human functioning. With these basic elements of cognitive learning established Piaget then began to establish his four stages of cognitive development. The first being the sensory – motor stage. This stage is considered to extend from birth to approximately age two. During this stage senses, reflexes, and motor abilities develop rapidly. During the early stages, infants are only aware of what is immediately in front of them. They focus on what they see, what they are doing, and physical interactions with their immediate environment. Toward the end of the sensory-motor stage, the ability to form primitive mental images develops as the infant acquires object permanence (ICELS). Object permanence is the understanding that objects have a continued existence when they disappear from view. Until then, an infant doesn’t realize that objects can exist apart from him or herself. Thus in this stage behavior is organized around its sensory or motor effects culminates in attaining the concept of object permanence. The next stage is the preoperational stage. This stage extend from ages 2 to 7 and during this stage the child is not yet able to think logically. With the acquisition of language, the child is able to represent the world through mental images and symbols, but in this stage, these symbols depend on his own perception and his intuition (Piaget 1973, p. 36). Preoperational children are completely egocentric. Although they begin to take greater interest in objects and people around them, they see these things from only their point of view. This also has been said to be the stage of curiosity. Preoperational children are always questioning and investigating new things and since they know the world only from their very limited point of view they make up explanations for things they cannot explain (ICELS). The preoperational stage is therefore characterized by egocentric thought and the inability for children to adopted alternative viewpoints. According to Piaget this is the stage at which children’s’ thoughts differ the most from adults. The third stage is the concrete operational stage. This stage extends from ages 7 to 11 and it is during this stage that a child is able to perform mental operations. Piaget defines a mental operation as an interiorized action, an action performed in the mind which permits the child to think about physical actions that he or she previously performed (Piaget 1973, p. 36). At this time children demonstrate logical, concrete reasoning and their thinking becomes less egocentric as they are increasingly aware of external events. The primary characteristic of concrete operational thought is its reversibility; the child can mentally reverse the direction of his or her thought (Piaget 1973, p. 36). For example a child knows something they can add they can also subtract. Conservation is also a major acquisition of the concrete operational stage. Piaget defines conservation as the ability to see that objects or quantities remain the same despite a change in their physical appearance. Children are thus able to learn to conserve such quantities as number, mass, area, weight, and volume (Piaget 1973, p. 36). The characteristics of the concrete stage are thus conservation, mental operations, and the ability for children to adopt alternative viewpoints. The final stage is the formal operational stage, it extends from ages 11 to 16. Unlike the concrete operational stage the formal stage does not deal with thinking in the present but rather deals with the ability to think about the future, abstract thought, and the hypothetical. Piaget’s final stage coincides with the beginning of adolescence, and marks the start of abstract thought and deductive reasoning. Thought is more flexible, rational, and systematic. The individual can now conceive all the possible ways they can solve a problem, and can approach a problem from several points of view (Piaget 1973, p. 360). Although Piaget believed in lifelong intellectual development, he insisted that the formal operational stage is the final stage of cognitive development, and that continued intellectual development in adults depends on the accumulation of knowledge (ICELS). Thus this staged is marked by the child’s ability to harmoniously reason abstractly and logically as well as not be limited to concrete thinking. The influence of Piaget’s ideas in developmental psychology has been enormous. He changed how people viewed the child’s world and their methods of studying children. Piagets ideas have generated a huge amount of research which has increased our understanding of cognitive development. His ideas have even been of practical use in understanding and communicating with children, particularly in the field of education. Piaget did not directly relate his theory to education, however many researchers have explained how features of Piagets theory can be applied to teaching and learning. One example of Piaget’s cognitive development theory influencing education can be seen in the concept of discovery learning; the idea that children learn best through doing and actively exploring. This concept sparked a huge reform in many primary schools’ curriculums. These reforms held recurring themes of individual learning, flexibility in the curriculum, the centrality of play in childrens learning, the use of the environment, learning by discovery and the importance of the evaluation of childrens progress (McLeod 2009). In addition since Piagets theory is based upon biological maturation, children should not be taught certain concepts until they have reached the appropriate stage cognitive development. Overall five overreaching concepts have been newly been applied to primary education based off Piaget’s theories: Focus on the process of learning rather than the end product of it, using active methods that require rediscovering or reconstructing truths, using collaborative as well as individual activities (so children can learn from each other), devising situations that present useful problems and create disequilibrium in the child, and evaluate the level of the childs development so suitable tasks can be set (McLeod 2009). Although Piaget’s findings did make many groundbreaking and seemingly beneficial contributions to education there are some skeptics as to whether or not his theories are on cognitive development are on point. For example Vygotsky and Bruner would rather not talk about stages at all, preferring to see development as continuous. Vygotsky, a Soviet Belarusian psychologist and founder of a theory of human cultural and biosocial development or cultural-historical psychology. Vygotskys theories stress the fundamental role of social interaction in the development of cognition as he believed strongly that community plays a central role in the process of making meaning. Unlike Piaget he believed social learning precedes development (McLeod 2007). Bruner, a psychologist who has made significant contributions to human cognitive psychology and cognitive learning theory in educational psychology, would similarly argue against Piaget’s theory of â€Å"readiness. † Burner places importance on outcomes of learning, include not just the concepts, categories, and problem-solving procedures invented previously by the culture, but also the ability to invent these things for oneself (McLeod 2008). Therefore he argued that schools waste time trying to match the complexity of subject material to a childs cognitive stage of development. In addition the concept of schema is incompatible with the theories of Bruner and Vygotsky. Behaviorism would also refute Piaget’s schema theory because is cannot be directly observed as it is an internal process (McLeod 1009). Therefore, they would claim it cannot be objectively measured. Finally as several studies have shown Piaget underestimated the abilities of children because his tests were sometimes confusing or difficult to understand (McLeod 2009). Also since the children he used for his studies were mainly his own his sample is biased, and consequently the results of these studies cannot be generalized to children from different cultures. Piaget’s theories on cognitive development have been groundbreaking and extremely beneficial to the world of developmental psychology. However there are some notable discrepancies with his studies such and limited and biased sampling. There are also distinguished rebuttals and argumentations for opposing theories. However Piaget’s work remains the stepping stone for studies of cognitive development and remain an extremely crucial part of developmental psychology as a whole.

Afghanistan and Pakistan Border Region Issues Impact on Pakistan Society

Introduction There are various issues that are associated with geographical regions especially where political aspects are involved. Some of the issues that are experienced in the Afghanistan and Pakistan due to the border region issues are; lack of trust between this two geographical areas and blaming one another which makes the process of solving the issue so difficult, problem in meeting basic social needs due to high poverty levels, high levels of unemployment and social injustice, and internal displacements of persons among others.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Afghanistan and Pakistan Border Region Issues: Impact on Pakistan Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There has been lots of violence on both sides of the Afghanistan and Pakistan border especially after the US was involved in leading war in Afghanistan. The two countries have been in conflicts for a long period of time and various terrorist at tacks have been executed as a way of revenging each others deeds. This paper discusses the various aspects related to the Afghanistan and Pakistan border with much emphasis being given to terrorism in both countries as it is the root cause of the violence. It also gives an insight on the effects of intervention by the super powers like the US and the impacts of the border region issues on the Pakistan society. Terrorism in Afghanistan and Pakistan and the Geopolitics Issues According to the dictionary.com (2011), terrorism is the use of violence and other forms of threats with an aim of intimidating or coercing people especially for political purposes. It can also be understood as the acts of violence that are usually committed by a group of people who usually view themselves as victimized by some particular historical happenings and hence carry out the terrorism actions as a way of fighting back. They usually gain some backing and support from governments and carry out unexpected a ttacks which lead to a lot of destruction and deaths as well as instilling fear and confusion among the nations affected. Terrorists on the other hand are persons usually from a certain group who engage in the planning and execution of violent acts like suicide bombings that are intended to cause deaths of innocent people and scare the rest hence making the chances of perpetrating further terrorist attacks better. Terrorism is spread by the terrorist in a strategic manner as they aim at causing the greatest effect that is achieved by causing as much deaths as possible and also instilling fear and confusion to as many people as possible. It entails acts like suicide bombing and affects the economies of the affected nations as well as the psychological and social status of the people. Advances in communication has in a way enhanced the perpetration of this evil acts. Other issues that promote the spread of terrorism are conflicts, poverty, social injustice, under-development, inexiste nce of the rule of law among others. This is because the above mentioned factors lead to lack of unity among the people and hence leads to instability which enhances acts of terrorism.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Although terrorism is perpetrated by people from different religions, Islam religion the Muslims is mostly associated with it as opposed to other religions. This is particularly wrong since Islam is just a religion and some Muslims are against terrorism just a Christians and other religions are although most of them are involved in it and in most cases those who are involved with the terrorism attacks associate it with the religion making the world to view terrorism as an act that is directly associated with the Muslims. Geopolitics entails a combination of geographic factors and political issues that influence a region or nation. It entails issues like leve ls of the economic growth and political power in a nation and it is usually unique to a given nation. The Afghanistan for example has a lot of geo-strategic and geopolitical significance as opposed to Pakistan and could attract a lot of interest from the super power and other international relations. Afghanistan offers better long term strategic prospects as compared to Pakistan in regard to the United States national security interests and regional strategy and hence its greater intervention in the wars. Pakistan on the other hand has some serious security threats due to its geographical location, bordering India, China and Afghanistan with political problems with India and Afghanistan. Pakistan has less geo-strategic and geopolitical significance for example to the United States as it appeals to the US only on some specific areas like its use a rental estate hence aiding in meeting the US strategic ends. The differences between these two nations lead to their differences in their efforts to fight terrorism (Kapila, 2009). Terrorism in Pakistan There is the existence of political crisis in Pakistan as a result of political conflict among the different factions in the nation and security threats from its neighbours especially Afghanistan and India. Terrorism in Pakistan is a serious issue and cannot be underemphasized as it has been linked with a lot of deaths and destruction and most importantly pulling down the nation in terms of development and prosperity. Terrorism in Pakistan has been executed with varying motives and with the application of advanced weapons hence causing a lot of harm and attracting a lot of local and international attention. Terrorism in Pakistan can be traced to various causes some of which are; permissive factors such as modernization, urbanization and industrialization which promote the acts of terrorism through the principle of creating vulnerabilities, motivation and opportunities that foster terrorism and also direct situational f actors like discrimination, grievances, social injustice or inequality, elite disaffection and lack of chances that allow for political participation for all among others.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Afghanistan and Pakistan Border Region Issues: Impact on Pakistan Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although there has been a large number of terrorist attacks world wide, Pakistan attacks amount to 2.9 percent of the world’s terrorist attacks. This shows that although terrorism is a major issue in Pakistan, it does not contribute much to the general world’s terrorism. It is however portrayed negatively by the media where it is shows it as a failed nation which is marginalized, under-developed, and poor and where terrorism is the main center of concern. This is however not true as Pakistan has been able to achieve some economic and even military levels that could otherwise not be achievable in a state that experience all the mentioned problematic issues or where systems do not work. Some other evidence against the media claims on the Pakistan’s state exist for instance it is ranked the 7th atomic power in the world, and its military is also the seventh in the world in regard to the number of personnel who are active in their duties among other achievements. Some of the factors that have lead to the current state of Pakistan include; lack of democracy which has led to political alienation and deprivation and a sense of hopelessness and lack of power among the people making the nation susceptible to more terrorist attacks. Corruption is also a major issue of concern which has resulted in unequal distribution of resources and wealth among the regions and perpetration of other immoral practices like drug trafficking. The imbalance is also enhanced by the social injustice and discrimination. Poor education system is also a contributing factor as it does not effective ly meet the needs of the country as it was initially set up to suit the needs of the colonizers. Those who benefit from the education system therefore become of no notable importance to the nation as they ought to be if the system was compatible with the nation’s needs. The prevalence of a weak judicial system also makes it possible for the criminal activities to be executed easily as appropriate measures to the offenders are not taken. The Taliban are also a great threat to Pakistan as it has affected its security through the various attacks it has been involved with and the power it has in the execution of the destructive acts (Bajoria, 2009). Impact on Pakistan Society The impact of terrorism and other issues as a result of the Afghanistan and Pakistan border conflicts .is experienced differently by the two nations and also the others that were affected. Although the United States promised to make the world a better and safer place, it did not work towards achieving the ex pected results and the situations even became worse in some states or nations. Here are some of the resultant situations on the Pakistan society. The Taliban is increasing in number and their energy in executing their activities hence increased threat to Pakistan.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The society also faces some adverse effects for instance increase in the number of displaced persons, increase in spending on health matters as most people become injured and the poverty levels also lead to poor nutrition hence poor health, and increase in the cost of education as a result of high levels of insecurity and existence of less education institution. The border conflicts and terrorism has also brought some problems in maintaining the Pakistan’s economic growth as a result of instability and hence the country’s growth domestic product (GDP) is low and the debts are high. The tourism sector is also negatively affected as tourists do not feel secure to visit the country. The production sector is also affected as the cost of production goes up and the business confidence falls making the business rivals for instance India to take advantage of the situation and exploit it. The foreign investments and stock exchange also decline. Unemployment and smuggling levels is also on the rise. Some of the recommendations that Pakistan should adopt to improve the situation include; increasing employment opportunities to its people so that they are able to meet their basic necessities and fulfilling its promise of providing basic needs like shelter, food and clothing to the citizens. This will enhance loyalty and patriotism and everybody will be ready to work towards improving the nation’s condition. There should also be steps towards reducing corruption where the government should enhance accountability in all its activities to gain its citizens’ trust. Justice through the judiciary should also be allowed to every citizen without any form of discrimination so that everyone can feel well represented. There should also be close relations between the citizens and the government for example through creation of negotiation forums. The government should also invest in the establishment of institutions and departments that are aimed towards imp roving the living standards of the citizens by providing services like job opportunities, means of airing their views and grievances and enhancing the process of service delivery. Facilities like hospitals, education institutions and social clubs should also be established as a way of building trust and goodwill between the government and the citizens. All these steps by the government will create a good relationship where everyone will have the urge to work towards making the country a better place (Bajoria, 2009). Terrorism in Afghanistan Terrorism in Afghanistan can be traced back in 2001 when the then United States president, Bush, had an attempt to bring down the Taliban government which its people valued so much as it had been a safe haven to the leader of Al Qaeda, Osama bin Laden, and all its members. The US powers towards doing this was not successful as there were conflicts among the various leaders and also the remaining Taliban forces. The situation was worse in the year 2008 as the violence heightened and hence worsening the condition for the Afghanistan’s civilians. The conflict between the United States and Taliban continued as the latter could not bear the pain of losing its powers and hence looked for means of fighting back. The ongoing border region conflict between Afghanistan and Pakistan is basically as a result of tribal allegiances. This is because some tribes have occupied both parts of Afghanistan and Pakistan for instance the Pashtuns and Balochis .The Durand line is considered a soft border by people from both sides and hence it is the source of the conflicts and terrorism attacks between the two regions as either of the two sides want to have the full share and control of the border. There has been a lot of mistrust and bitterness between the Afghanistan and Pakistan as a result of the long history where they used to offer refuge each other’s opponents for instance Afghanistan harboured the Balochi people while Pakista n sheltered and trained the mujahadeen and maintained the Afghani Taliban. The porosity has enhanced the perpetration of terrorism as it makes it easy to undertake the criminal activities since the communication and transport or movement is easy (Kapila, 2009). The US in the war against terrorism in Afghanistan after 9/11 It is the 9/11 attack that led to involvement of the United States of America in Afghanistan’s activities with an aim of solving the situation. It did so by attempting to tumble the Taliban government in Afghanistan which was deemed to be involved in the protection of the Al Qaeda. This was however not an effective action or step as it did not solve the problem of concern. This is because it shifted the problem to the neighboring Pakistan as the Taliban moved their operations into Pakistan as a way of revenging by continuing the war. It is from this time that violence has existed along the border. This shows the ineffectiveness of the steps taken by the US a s it did not help control the terrorism but rather created a more serious and dangerous situation. The US could have dealt with the root causes of the problem rather than trying to solve the issue without prior considerations of the consequences of their actions (Pelovangu, 2010). Nature of US and International Responses and the World Perception on War on Terrorism The United States of America seem to be taking a wrong move towards fighting the terrorism ordeal. This is so because of taking Afghanistan and Pakistan as a single geo-strategic and geopolitical entity in its move towards restoring peace and stability among the nations and more especially along the border region. This can not take place effectively as Afghanistan and Pakistan are two distinct and separate entities in terms of geo-strategic and geopolitical issues associated with them for instance Afghanistan is a class higher than Pakistan in terms of power and region. It is also more economically stable due to the ample deposits of oil and natural gas and taking them as one will definitely not work out well. All in all there are mixed perceptions and views on the act of the United States of America towards fighting terrorism as some people take it as a selfish act where the US wanted to benefit from it for instance, it is said that if Afghanistan was not geo-strategically and geo-politically important, the United States of America could not have much interest on it and could not have had much intervention as it is the case on Pakistan which is not that well of. The further terrorist attacks in places like Pakistan, Madrid, India and London are also a clear indication that the more the war on terror unfolds, the more the world becomes unstable and hence the process of dealing with the war has been unsuccessful. Others however view it positively and see it as a saviour for example the number of terrorism attacks fell by 18 percent from 2007 to 2008 and it has been associated with the US intervention . The national counterterrorism centre also asserts that the number of world wide attacks by terrorists in the year 2008 was 11,770 and the number of deaths was 15,756 while the attacks in the year 2007 was 14,506 and the deaths were 22,508. This improvement in the stability among nations has been accredited towards the antagonistic efforts by the United States and other international forces through application of intensified law enforcement, new laws regarding counterterrorism, blocking terrorist financing and intelligence gathering and sharing among other strategies (Kellerhals, 2009). Conclusion It is evident that Afghanistan and Pakistan are at war with one another and the situation is exacerbated by the fact that the two nations have different geo-strategic and geopolitics significance with Afghanistan being on the lead especially in regard to the United States and other major regional and international powers. The differences in the nations’ significance has for instanc e been linked with the United State’s change of priorities in its efforts towards fighting the war against terrorism or restoration of stability and security giving much emphasis on Afghanistan as opposed to Pakistan which is in a worse state than Afghanistan. Terrorism is a great hindrance to economic prosperity, security, geo-strategic sustainability, political power and stability and the general well being of a nation and should therefore be dealt with appropriately from the root causes. Reference List Bajoria, J. (2009). The Troubled Afghan-Pakistani Border. Web. Dictionary.com Unabridged (2011). Terrorism. Web. Kapila, S. (2009). Afghanistan and Pakistan: Comparative Analysis of Geo-strategic and Geo-political Significance. South Asian Analysis Group. Web. Kellerhals, M. D. (2009). Terrorist Attacks Fell 18 Percent in 2008, Report Says. US Policy. Web. Pelovangu, R. (2010). The U.S War on Terror: Is the American Invasion of Afghanistan and Iraq Justified? Web. This essay on Afghanistan and Pakistan Border Region Issues: Impact on Pakistan Society was written and submitted by user Easton Gilmore to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Femme Noir as the Queen of the Night Fantastical Transformations of a Woman

Femme Noir as the Queen of the Night Fantastical Transformations of a Woman Women played a crucial role in art and fashion in different periods of time. Some females were muses for artists and poets while others tried to break the rules established in society and introduce their own perspective of the world through their works of art. As such, it is necessary to see how women can contribute to the innovations and development of both art and fashion.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Femme Noir as the Queen of the Night: Fantastical Transformations of a Woman specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A new creative project called ‘Art Meets Fashion’ is aimed at showing the benefit of using such exhibitions for educational and informational purposes. Experience gained by the participants of the project is sure to change their perception of the art and design as well as fashion in whole. The project consists of several teams each including an artist, a fashion designer, a representative of school, and a documenter. So, the team Femme Noir consists of an artist Duke Windsor, a fashion designer Osbaldo Ahumada, a documenter Susan Lazear, and a school representative Andrea Marx from SD Mesa College. The project Femme Noir was inspired with the image and the entire mood created by the Queen of the Night and her aria in The Magic Flute by Mozart. Fantastic and close-to-life elements can be found in the sculptures being a golden middle of the fashion and art meeting. Femme Noir is the name of the team that emerged from the image of a woman who knows how to survive in the world of the dark middle ages. So, the team members managed to apply the historic perspective and mood of the aria to the sculpture and painting in a fashionable manner using extravagant colors and irregular shapes. The exhibition of this team’s project will take place in Dolcetti Boutique to encourage the audience to join the world of fashion through art and vice versa. People that are interested in collaboration between representatives of different fields and development of technologies and useful ideas can find something new in this project as it is aimed at showing the transformation undergone by a queen from Mozart’s aria to fashionable issues created by the Femme Noir team. Art Meets Fashion. Art Meets Fashion, 2009. Web.

Moral Stages of Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Moral Stages of Development - Essay Example Interspersed throughout these critical learning levels are seven different stages of understanding in which the child slowly progresses from one level to the next. Kohlberg defines the first level of moral development as that time when a child is very impressionable to rules and standards of behavior, but only to the extent that he or she will act a certain way to avoid physical punishment or gain physical rewards (treats, etc.). Level Two moral development involves both conformity and loyalty to social norms, according to Kohlberg, and this is the level that parents and educators strive to instill in their children. In this stage, laws and societal rules are accepted and understand as being put in place for the good of the nation or group. In contrast, Level Three, also called the Autonomous Level, sees an individual making judgment choices based not only on societal expectations and laws but on his or her own personal ethical code, which has developed throughout the years (Kohlberg 1971). According to Miller, Van Esterik and Van Esterik, the concept of childhood itself has only been in use for a few hundred years (2001); this relative newness gives researchers few concrete ideologies when it comes to understanding the moral development of a young person in school. Kottak agrees that the role of the classroom and the effects of a changing world are constantly creating new issues with students; he feels that in particular, television has a great role to play in the gender development of students everywhere. Kottak notes that in a few short decades as television became omnipresent, students began treating their teachers and their peers with what he regards as less respect and simply less attention. Instead of learning their place in society from their teachers and their parents, they are also learning it from movies and TV programs; in fact these very programs have a direct effect on the gender bias in classrooms (Kottak 2000). Where parents and even teachers might tend to avoid actually discussing the issue of gender bias in the classroom and the wider world, television opens up the topic for discussion and children are learning early on about their history as a sex and making decisions about their future in this respect. Conclusion Kohlberg's levels of moral development can be directly implemented by teachers in early learning situations most effectively; the more time left before instilling basic social expectations, the more difficult it is to instill them at all. As children in level one are the most susceptible to learning fresh concepts, it is best that teachers of younger children do their best to address issues of gender bias in such a way as to bring the children forward into a new reality, instead of merely teaching them about what already exists. Perhaps this is the most crucial aspect of level one learning: instead of showing children the things that need changing and hoping they will decide to take a stand in the future, teach them about their role in a more perfected society, where the genders are truly

Lloyd George Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Lloyd George - Case Study Example So, why did the Lloyd George Coalition fall The answer to this can ironically be found within his greatest triumphs. In the beginning of Lloyd George's career, he was a Liberal. It was a time when the Welsh were trying to regain national identity and confidence. He became a council member on the Caernarfon County Council in 1890. This was a seat he held for fifty-five years. He was a very active campaigner and supporter of land reform. Also, he was the youngest member of the House of Commons as a Liberal. In 1908, he was promoted to Chancellor of the Exchequer by Henry Asquith, the new prime minister. He was a very high profile politician, strongly opposing the Boer War. Even before becoming Prime Minister, George was innovatively creating ways to give support to Europe. He oversaw the Merchant Shipping Act of 1906, the Patient Act of 1907, and the Port of London Authority in 1908. He then became chancellor for the Asquith administration. In 1909, he created the 'People's Budget.' In 1911, he introduced Great Britain's National Health Insurance Program and made his famous speech. His speech warned Germany that they would not stand for intrusion in international affairs. He then became the first Minister of Munitions in 1915, further paving his way to becoming Prime Minister. .. He was often called "The man who won the war." Upon winning the war, in 1918, the coalition was formed between the conservatives and part of the Liberal party. They took a huge majority in the elections that year. However, there were some differences in opinion regarding the leadership within Liberal party and as Chris Cook argues, the conservatives wanted to see the Liberal party remain split between the followers of Lloyd George and the followers of Herbert Henry Asquith (the former prime minister.) 2 The conservatives readily carried on with the coalition after the war, since they had not won an election on their own in over a decade. They took the election with 70 percent of the votes. Noted, this was the 'coupon election' and the first election that allowed women over 30 to vote. The conservatives later decided that George owed his win to them and that they could take it back from him at any time. This left Lloyd George, in idea at least, without a party officially supporting him. George was a well-respected wartime leader, but the devastation from the war could prove to be the primary factor that cost him his position as prime minister. After all, he was the one to promise, "A land fit for heroes." After the war, Great Britain was left in a pitiful state of despair and heading towards a depression. Hundreds of thousands of soldiers died and over a million soldiers were left unable to work. Now Britain had to pay millions in war pension on top of the debt they had accumulated due to the war. This great economic decline was too big of a feat to overcome even for the 'Welsh Wizard.' Britain over invested in staple industries due to the war. This caused a boom in

Swansea Dockland Heritage Society System Specification Coursework

Swansea Dockland Heritage Society System Specification - Coursework Example Lastly it can take advantage of the available internet technology that is constantly evolving. This system has basically automated the manual system and this is a complete change over for the organization. Automating registration and member activity has ensure that the system benefits the museum. The system stands to benefit the organization in two major ways. First, it broadens the scope of the organization and at the same time acts as an effective marketing tool for the organization. This places the organization directly to benefit from the expanded market view and hence a rise in the member subscription. The number of users who will subscribe to the service will eventually buy the book and non book objects. Another intangible benefit is the service that the organization can offer to the increased member subscription. It can start promotions where users can buy coupons and also organize group visits to the

Synthesis of Strontitum Hexaferrites Nanoparticals

Synthesis of Strontitum Hexaferrites Nanoparticals ABSTRACT The SrFe12O19 is hard magnetic material (hexa-ferrite) with magneto plum bite structure . It has attract much attention in past few decades due to their Scientific Technological applications in the frequency rages of microwave to radio frequency. Due to used for high frequency application in multilayer chip inductor. This is due to high magneto crystalline anisotropy , High curie temperature, High Electrical resistivity High Di-electric constant as well as high saturation ( Magnetization Coericivity). The Dielectric Magnetic properties of hexa-ferrites materials in the nano regime are significantly different from their bulk materials. The work in this thesis consists of three aspects, Synthesis of strontitum hexaferrites nanoparticals by Non-convetional Citrate precursor method (chemical method). Effect of Annealing Temperature on Magnetic properties of strontitum hexaferrites. Effect of Structural , Electrical optical properties have been studied. These samples were characterized through X-Ray diffraction for its size properties. The particle size was determined in scherrer’s formula. The samples were studied for their full report showing their magnetic properties based on the hysteresis loop formation for the samples prepared at the two temperatures through VSM . Electrical optical properties have been examined through Impedance analyzer Photo Luminance. 2. Literature Review Since the Discovery of the M type hexagonal ferrites in 1950’s . It has being of great  Interest due to its application as permanent magnetic materials perpendicular  Recording media. Due to its low cost, the main reason for its great success at moderate  magnetic properties. Various works has been carried to develop hexa-ferrite by various  methods and their properties has been investigated. On other hand extensive work has  been done to understand the effect of various dopant. It is found the doping of metal ion, rare earth ion substantially effects their properties. Work carried out in past few years on different processing methods and different dopants are given below: Structural and magnetic properties of La3+substituted strontium hexaferrite nanoparticles prepared by citrate precursor method [16] Ankush Thakur,R.R. Singh, P.B. Barman , Lanthanum (La3+) doped The effects of La3+on magnetic properties have been analyzed using vibrating sample magnetometer and discussed. The results show that the coercivity has been improved by substitution of La3+on iron sites; coercivity value found to be increased with increase in La3+ . La 3+doped strontium ferrite, prepared by citrate precursor technique, have been analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), FESEM,FTIR and inductance capacitance resistance meter bridge. The XRD analysis shows that crystalline ferrite phase with hexagonal structure. when the precursor calcined at 900 °C for 5h. The crystallite size is found in the range of 31–38nm and the elemental composition has been examined by energy dispersive X-ray. The dc electrical resistivity has been found to be increased with increasing La3+content. Synthesis of strontium hexaferrite nanoparticles prepared using co-precipitation method and microemulsion processing [17] ADrmota,A.Ã…Â ½nidarÃ… ¡iÄ  andAKoÃ… ¡ak : , Strontium hexaferrite (SrFe12O19) nanoparticles have been prepared with co-precipitation in aqueous solutions and precipitation in microemulsion system water/SDS/n-butanol/cyclohexane, calcined in a wide temperature range, from 350  °C to 1000  °C in a static air atmosphere. The influence of the Sr2+/Fe3+molar ratio and the calcination temperature to the chemistry of the product formation, its crystallite size, morphology and magnetic properties were investigated. It was found that the formation of single phase SrFe12O19with relatively high specific magnetization (54 Am2/kg) was achieved at the Sr2+/Fe3+molar ration of 6.4 and calcination at 800  °C for 3h with heating/cooling rate 5  °C/min.The specific magnetization (DSM-10, magneto-susceptometer) of the samples was measured. Preparation and investigation of magnetic properties of MnNiTi-substituted strontium hexaferrite nanoparticles[18] M. Mozaffari, A. Arab,M.H. Yousefi, J. Amighian M-type strontium hexaferrite powders with substitution of Mn2+, Ni2+and Ti4+ions for Fe3+ions has been prepared via the conventional ceramic method. In order to get nanoparticles, the obtained powders were milled in a high energy SPEX mill for 1h. XRD investigations of the unmilled and milled powders show that the prepared samples are all single phase hexaferrite. Lattice parameters and mean crystallite sizes of the powders were determined from the XRD data and Scherrer’s formula. TEM was used to analyze their structures, magnetizations and coercivities of the samples in a magnetic field of 15kOe have been determined from the hysteresis loops. It was found that magnetizations of the milled samples were smaller than the magnetization of the unmilled samples. Synthesis, magnetic and dielectric properties of Er–Ni doped Sr-hexaferrite nanomaterials for applications in High density recording media and microwave devices [19] Muhammad Naeem Ashiqa,,Muhammad Javed Iqbalb, Muhammad Najam-ul-Haqa,Pablo Hernandez Gomezc,Ashfaq Mahmood Qureshia A sol–gel combustion method has been successfully employed for the synthesis of Sr-hexaferrite nanomaterials doped with Er3+and Ni2+at strontium and iron sites, respectively. A Simple and economic method has been used for synthesis of materials. The main aim for substitution of Er–Ni in Sr-hexaferrite is to improve magnetic properties and to reduce the crystallite size. We are able to improve the saturation magnetization and remanence with the doping of Er–Ni. Crystallite size is in the range 16–14nm, which is much smaller than that reported earlier. Dielectric constant is reduced which makes the material suitable for microwave devices. Crystallization kinetics of strontium hexaferrite: Correlation to structural, morphological, dielectric and magnetic properties [20] Ankush Thakur,R. R. Singh,P. B. Barman Citrate precursor technique has been used to synthesize strontium hexaferrite and reported here. The crystallization process for ferrite phase formation has been investigated by TG/DTG/DTA for three different heating rates in air atmosphere. The thermal process mainly consists of three essential steps; first removal of water residues; second decomposition of organic compound and the third step is crystallization of SrF12O19. The activation energy of reaction is, 157 KJ/mole, evaluated using non-isothermal kinetic model. The precursor and crystallized SrF12O19samples have been characterized for structural, chemical, morphological, dielectric and magnetic properties Using XRD, FTIR, FESEM,LCR meter bridge and VSM respectively. Influence of annealing temperature and doping rate on the magnetic properties of Zr–Mn substituted Sr-hexaferrite nanoparticles [21] Muhammad Javed Iqbala,Muhammad Naeem Ashiqb,Pablo Hernà ¡ndez-Gà ³mezc,Josà © Marà ­a Muà ±oz Muà ±ozc,Carlos Torres Cabrerac A series of M-type strontium hexaferrite samples having nominal composition SrZrxMnxFe12−2xO19(wherex=0.0–0.8) has been synthesized by the co-precipitation method. All the samples synthesized were of single magnetoplumbite phase. The particle size was found to be in the 40–65nm range for the samples annealed at 1193K while the samples annealed at 1443K were in the 100–200nm range. The saturation magnetization increase with temperature and reached maxima for the samples annealed at 1393K and then start to decrease while the coercivity decreases regularly with temperature. Structural evolution and magnetic properties of SrFe12O19nanofibers by electrospinning [22] Xiangqian Shen,Mingquan Liu,Fuzhan Song,Xianfeng Meng The SrFe12O19/poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) composite fiber precursors were prepared by the sol-gel assisted electrospinning with ferric nitrate, strontium nitrate and PVP as starting reagents. M-type strontium ferrite (SrFe12O19) nanofibers were derived from calcination of these precursors at 750–1,000 °C.The composite precursors and strontium ferrite nanofibers were characterized by FTIR , XRD, SEM VSM .After calcined at 750 °C for 2h the single M-type strontium ferrite phase is formed by reactions of iron oxide and strontium oxide produced during the precursor decomposition process. The nano fiber morphology, diameter, crystallite size and grain morphology are mainly influenced by the calcination temperature and holding time. The SrFe12O19nano fibers characterized with diameters of around 100nm and a necklace-like structure obtained at 900 °C for 2h, which is fabricated by nano sized particles about 60nm with the plate-like morphology elongated in the preferred dire ction perpendicular to thec-axis, show the optimized magnetic property with saturation magnetization 59Am2kg−1and coercivity 521kAm−1. It is found that the single domain critical size for these M-type strontium ferrite nanofibers is around 60nm. Structural, dielectric and magnetic properties of Cr–Zn doped strontium hexa-ferrites for high frequency applications [23] G. Asghar, M. Anis-ur-Rehman M-type strontium hexa-ferrite nano particles with composition SrFe12−2xCrxZnxO19(X=0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8) were prepared by co-precipitation method and are reported for the first time. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the successful substitution of Cr and Zn ions in the strontium hexa-ferrite lattice. Structural morphology studied by SEM revealed that Cr–Zn doping inhabits the grain growth. Dielectric measurements were taken as a function of frequency in the range (10kHz to 3MHz). Both dielectric constants and dielectric losses were found to be decreasing with the increase in Cr–Zn concentration. As Cr–Zn doping favored the decrease in dielectric losses to a large extent (0.32–0.02) so the strontium hexa-ferrite with these dopants is very useful for high frequency applications. Influence of the iron content on the formation process of substituted Co–Nd strontium hexaferrite prepared by the citrate precursor method [24] S.E. Jacobo ,C. Herme , P.G. Bercoff Strontium hexa ferrite samples of different composition were prepared by the self-combustion method and heat-treated in air at 1100 °C for 2h: SrFe12O19(S0), Sr0.7Nd0.3Fe11.7Co0.3O19(SS), Sr0.7Nd0.3Fe10.7Co0.3O19(SM) and Sr0.7Nd0.3Fe8.4Co0.3O19(SL). The phase identification of the powders was performed using XRD. Only sample SL (with the lowest iron concentration) shows well-defined peaks of the hexaferrite phase with no secondary phases. Nd–Co substitution modifies saturation magnetization (MS) and coercivity (Hc) but only samples with low Fe3+content (SL and SM) show the best magnetic properties, indicating that the best results for applications of this ferrite will be obtained with an iron deficiency in the stoichiometric formulation. Sol–gel hydrothermal synthesis of strontium hexaferrite nanoparticles and the relation between their crystal structure and high coercivity properties [25] Thi Minh Hue Dang1, Viet Dung Trinh1, Doan Huan Bui1, Manh Huong Phan2and Dang Chinh Huynh1 Hard magnetic strontium hexaferrite SrFe12O19nanoparticles were synthesized by the sol–gel hydrothermal method. The factors affecting the synthesized process, such as the mole proportion of the reactants, pH, temperature, the hydrothermal conditions and the calcination process, have been investigated. The crystal structures of these materials were refined by Rietveld method. The obtained materials have single crystal phase, equal nano-size, plate shape and high anisotropy. The high magnetic coercivity of 6.3à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ °kOe with the magnetization at 11.1à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ °kOe of 66à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ °emuà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ °g−1at room temperature was observed for the strontium hexaferrite nanoparticles. For other nanoparticles (SrLnxFe12-xO19and SrFe12O19/CoFe2O4) synthesized on the basis of SrFe12O19the complex completion of the crystal structure distortion and the interaction between magnetic phases were observed. Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Synthesis of Ultrafine Strontium Hexaferrite Nanoparticles [26] Darinka Primc1,Miha Drofenik1,2and Darko Makovec1 Ultrafine strontium hexaferrite (SrFe12O19) nanoparticles have been synthesized by the hydrothermal treatment of an appropriate suspension of Sr and Fe hydroxides in the presence of a large excess of OH–at temperatures between 130 and 170  °C. To avoid the parallel formation of any undesired hematite (ÃŽ ±-Fe2O3) during the synthesis, a large excess of Sr in the starting composition (Fe/Sr = 3) had to be used. When the treatment was performed below 170  °C, ultrafine nanoparticles were formed. The TEM images show they have a disc-like shape, approximately 12 nm wide, but only around 4 nm thick. The EDS analysis showed their composition corresponded to SrFe12O19. When the temperature of the hydrothermal treatment exceeded 170  °C, larger hexagonal platelet crystals appeared as a consequence of Ostwald ripening. The evolution of the size and morphology of the nanoparticles with the temperature of the hydrothermal treatment was also monitored by XRD and measurement of the m agnetic properties. A Simple Method for Synthesis of Strontium Ferrite Nanoparticles and their Polymeric Nanocomposites [27] G. Nabiyounia*, A. Yousofnejada, M. Seraja, S. Farshad Akhtarianfarb ,D. Ghanbarib Hard magnetic SrFe12O19(SrM) nanoparticles were synthesized by a facile sonochemical reaction. The magnetic nanoparticles were then added to acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, polystyrene, polycarbonate,and poly sulfone to make magnetic nanocomposites. The magnetic properties of the samples were also investigated using an alternating gradient force magnetometer. The strontium ferrite nanoparticles exhibited ferrimagnetic behaviour at room temperature, with a saturation magnetization of 39 emu/g and a coercivity of 5070 Oe.The distribution of the SrFe12O19nanoparticles into the polymeric matrixes increases the coercivity. Magnetic, physical and electrical properties of Zr–Ni-substituted co-precipitated strontium hexaferrite nanoparticles [28] Muhammad Javed Iqbala ,Muhammad Naeem Ashiqa,Pablo Hernandez-Gomezb, Jose Maria Munozb A series of Zr–Ni-substituted strontium hexaferrite materials, SrZrxNixFe12−2xO19(x=0.0–0.8), was synthesized by the co-precipitation method and the crystallite size determined to be in the range of 30–47nm. The saturation magnetization increased from 72 to 98kAm−1while coercivity decreased from 1710 to 428Oe with Zr–Ni substitution. This improvement in both these properties makes these materials suitable for applications in recording media. The increase in resistivity suggests that the synthesized materials can be useful for application in microwave devices. Structural and electromagnetic characteristics of substituted strontium hexaferrite nanoparticles [29] Ali Ghasemia,,Akimitsu Morisakob Substituted strontium ferrite SrFe9(Mn0.5Co0.5Zr)3/2O19has been prepared from sol–gel method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and vector network analyzer, were used to analyze the structure and dynamic magnetic properties. Powders of sample show a hexagonal fine platelet structure and narrow particle size distribution. Based on microwave measurement on reflectivity, SrFe9(Mn0.5Co0.5Zr)3/2O19may be a good candidate for electromagnetic compatibility and other practical applications at high frequency.

Aurora Borealis

Aurora Borealis In 1921 Pierre Gassendi was the person who named the colored light in the sky Aurora Borealis. Aurora comes from the goddess of dawn and borealis comes from the god of the north wind, which in Latin mean Boreas. Another name for them is the Northern Light. Alaska is one of few to have the privilege to see them. In the black and white picture by William R. Norton, in the Yukon Territory shows the northern lights. In this picture it show a lot of trees, snow and a single cabin, no river, no tools, but it does look like a light was on looking at the window.The northern lights is a wide spread of a white compared to the sky which is black. The trees sway as the wind as it blows by. This picture is a picture that helps explain how the upper north is where it is clearer. In a rural area in a calm setting a beautiful thing happen. It is something not just every Alaskan wants to see but everyone wants to see. The beauty that science can bring to this earth is amazing. As peop le stand or sit in awe of the view, they take in every moment that they have.This picture is picture that can and will forever remind us that our world / earth is a beautiful, a place worth living in. Have experienced the northern light many times before, I honestly can say it never get old. Each and ever time it is a new experience for me. Seeing the color and the way they move is amazing. I remember one time I was at my cabin and we saw them dancing outside. So my family went out to enjoy them my grand pa â€Å" said watch as they move even more as I whistle. As he whistled they moved more when he stopped they slowed down.TO me it was amazing. TO me this seeing the northern lights was amazing. I have always wondered how it happen so I found out. As many people wonder how northern lights appear. Studies conclude that the northern lights happen when highly charged electron from solar wind interact with the earth’s atmosphere. The solar wind comes from the sun at 1 million mi les per hour. After 40 hours they finally reach earth. When in earth’s atmosphere they follow the line of magnetic force. The colors astonish people. The colors are so bright and calming and different each time.You see the color blue is when an atom is struck anywhere from 20 to 60 miles in altitude. The color green is any where from 20 to150 miles in altitude. Purple is seen when is above 60 miles in altitude. Lastly red, and that only if it above 150 miles in altitude. Title: Aurora Borealis. Northern Light, Selkirk, Y. T. Author: William R. Norton Circa: 1890-1920 Aurora_Borealis_Northern_Lights_Selkirk_YT. jpg http://ancienthistory. about. com/od/expressions/g/AuroraBorealis. htm http://science. howstuffworks. com/nature/climate-weather/atmospheric/question471. htm

Constitution Cafe Essay

The Constitution Cafe written by Christopher Phillips is mainly about the viewpoints of students around the country and what could be different about the Constitution. While the majority of the students from the meetings feel like there should be a few things added to the articles of the Constitution, because things are different today than when it was first written in 1787. The book informs the readers on the basics of our rights and understanding more about the Constitution itself. There are many issues discussed such as immigration, justice for all, rights, money matters but I’ll only be going over a few of these issues. One argument Phillips discusses is the number of refugees who immigrate to the United States. There are a few students in the meeting that admit to be refugees, and are trying to support their families who are back in Mexico. They argue how it’s not right for Mexico president and leaders who are able to fly over into other countries in their private jets, but immigrants like Ricardo would end up getting killed for trying to find work in the U.  S. â€Å"We never had rights in Mexico, though our homeland’s constitution says we all have equal rights,† says Oscar (p. 112). Although they don’t have any rights in the U. S. , they still find a way to work harder than most citizens and will do anything to provide the best life for their families. I strongly agree with the Constitution Cafe Article the students wrote in which they want the Constitution to change, because most refugees who come to the U. S. want to have rights and live life without worrying about getting deported back to Mexico. Many Americans say immigrants shouldn’t be allowed if they weren’t born in the U. S. and call them names such as ‘wetbacks’ but some take that as a compliment since their backs are wet, because they work the hardest. Another argument the author addresses is with a few junior high school students who agree that every U. S. citizen when they turn the age eighteen should receive an equal lump sum payment of at least $50,000. 00. The students say you should only be able to keep the money if you’re doing good and spending it on well needed things. Sure, a few people will take advantage of their big payday and do nothing good with their lives if they don’t have to. But I’m betting most will make the most of this opportunity† (p87). We all know once you turn eighteen then you could be on your own and spend the money on unnecessary things. This is why I don’t agree with the students, and some points I can relate to like for instance some parents aren’t able to provide much so the money could help the family. I also see it as the population would sky rocket because everyone would have kids for the money once they turn eighteen. Life isn’t that easy just to have a huge payment waiting for you. It’s not fair to the ones who are over the age of eighteen and had to work hard for all that they have and didn’t just have $50,000 handed to them. A question I have for the students would be, â€Å"where the money would be coming from? † This is a very good argument, because any parent wants a good future for their child and especially if the money goes to college tuitions. Finally, the last argument that caught my attention is scout’s honor that the president should have to live by before becoming president of the U.  S. They argue about how easy it is to be president when all they ask for is you have to be thirty five years old and have resided in the U. S. at least fourteen years. A group of boy scouts say the president didn’t have to be a boy scout when he was younger but should promise to be trustworthy, loyal, helpful, friendly, courteous, kind, obedient, cheerful, thrifty, brave, clean, and reverent. Our next president could have been in a gang or committed some type of crime and they would still win the president election. The citizens want someone who will be role model to all ages and prove by his/her actions, not just words. â€Å"This article may be about the ideal qualities we want in a president, but most of all, if you read between the lines, it’s really about the ideal qualities we want in ourselves† (p105). Arturo statement is true because we all want to be perfect but we all mistakes and so will the president, but at least there’s one person who will have all the qualities that we need to run the U. S.  This one argument I strongly agree with from the beginning all the way to the end with the written Constitution Cafe Article. A president should give their full duty to our country and of course believe in God. Christopher Phillips message would have to be getting his readers to understand what our Constitution is all about and there could be changes to it every day in life by anyone but it has to get approved of course. Thomas Jefferson believed that Americans should rewrite the Constitution every twenty years to meet our current needs in the generation we live in today. This is why Phillips has traveled the country asking Americans if and how they would rewrite our Constitution if given the chance. His main goal is to make the U. S. a better place and keep us all updated with the Constitution itself and hope from reading the book that we all learned something new about all the different arguments. From reading Constitution Cafe, I’ve learned so much more about the Constitution and the changes that have been made over years. I can definitely say now I know a lot about Thomas Jefferson than I did before, and all that he has done for the U.  S. From the many arguments in the book, I talked about a few and summarized what it was about. We should understand the basics of our rights, and if there’s something we want to make a change to in the Constitution we need to get together and write an article. All of the U. S. citizens will have different opinions on immigrants, rights, president qualities, money matters, and many more topics that relate to the Constitution. I can’t wait to read the part two of Constitution Cafe in the next twenty years, and to see what will change for the future generations.

Whitewater Vs. Watergate essays

Whitewater Vs. Watergate essays In the history of the United States, many presidents have been struck down because of their inability to avoid career-crippling scandals. In this research paper, I will discuss two former presidents whose terms were riddled with scandal, Clinton with whitewater, and Nixon with Watergate. First, I will give a brief overview of the two scandals. Then, I will compare and contrast many of the main points of interest. In the beginning, both of the scandals seemed to be rather low key. As the scandals were aggressively researched and more evidence was uncovered, political intrigue and criminal investigations reigned. When Nixons scandal was uncovered, it was proven the president was involved in political sabotage, theft, blackballing, wiretapping and smear campaigns. In Clintons scandal, it was discovered that the president was involved in much more than just an illegal loan. President Clinton abused his presidential power, which was extremely detrimental to the integrity of the nati on. Watergate and Whitewater were similar in that both circled around a central criminal event, and both sparked vast political intrigue. In the Watergate scandal the Senate reported an unprecedented abuse of the power that comes with Commander In Chief. It began with the unsuccessful burglary in the Watergate office building by people linked to the re-election committee of President Nixon (Olson 26). However, the Senate Watergate Committee uncovered a lot more than just a burglary. The Senate hearings showed that Watergate was composed of constant criminality by the Nixon White House, and was driven by an extreme commitment to maintain control of power by any means, including criminal conduct. Daniel Elsberg, the possessor of the infamous Pentagon Papers had given the papers to his psychiatrist for safe keeping. In a futile and desperate measure, Nixon ordered the breaking in of the psychiatrists office in hopes of re...

Display Todays Date on Your Website

Display Today's Date on Your Website Server-side PHP scripting gives web developers the ability to add features that change  to their websites. They can use it to generate dynamic page content, collect form data, send and receive cookies and display the current date. This code only works on pages where PHP is enabled, which means the code displays a date on pages that end in .php. You can name your ​HTML page with a .php extension or other extensions set up on your server to run PHP. Example PHP Code for Todays Date Using PHP,  you can display the current date on your website using a single line of PHP code. Heres How It Works Inside an HTML file, somewhere in the body of the HTML, the script starts  by opening the PHP code with the symbol.Next, the code uses the print( ) function to send the date it is about to generate to the browser.The date function is then used to generate the current days date.Finally, the PHP script is closed using the ? symbols.The code returns to the body of the HTML file. About That Funny-Looking Date Format PHP uses formatting options to format date output. The lower case L- or l- represents the day of the week Sunday through Saturday. F calls for a textual representation of a month such as January. The day of the month is indicated by d, and Y is the representation for a year, such as 2017. Other formatting parameters can be seen at the PHP website.

The Implications of Downsizing (Rightsizing) to the Employees, Research Paper

The Implications of Downsizing (Rightsizing) to the Employees, Communities, and Families of the Employees - Research Paper Example    Downsizing exposes the employees, communities, and the families of employees to psychological, emotional, and physical distress whether they remain employed or get fired. Generally speaking, the implications of downsizing include embarrassment, lack of the source of income, depression, low self-esteem, emotional abuse, social exclusion, and poverty.   I shall also identify the relative importance of the three kinds of stressors, so that the most significant, the significant, and the least significant stressors are identified separately. The expected outcome of the result is a list of contributors of psychological, emotional, and physical distress for the identified populations, along with the relative importance of each category of stressors. Knowledge of these stressors is the preliminary step towards the identification of the potential ways in which the effect of these stressors can be reduced. ... The first challenge in front of these employees is to seek employment somewhere else. Since they have not left the organization on their own and have rather been fired, this serves as a very negative point if the employees cannot somehow manage to prove that they left the organization on their own. The recruiters tend to suspect the eligibility of such employees for the job because they were rejected by their previous employers. Downsizing is mostly a consequence of the deteriorating political and socioeconomic conditions in a country, so when one organization downsizes, most of the other organizations are also doing the same. Finding a job in these circumstances becomes even more difficult for the employees. The process of searching for the job is not only physically tiring but is also emotionally demanding as one has to face the high expectations of the friends and family members who depend financially on one with no job in hand. The second challenge in front of the unemployed empl oyee is the constant feeling of embarrassment in front of the friends and family members. Owing to the shortage of money, it is not very uncommon for one to decline to the level that one has to ask friends for money, which in itself is a very embarrassing process, and often the loan is not granted without interest that puts the individual into an even greater financial stress for the time to come. The employees have to meet the daily needs in an increasingly tough environment wherein the prices of things are skyrocketing. All of these factors mutually function to negatively affect the individual’s health and psychology.  Ã‚  

Sustainability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Sustainability - Essay Example The multidimensional perspectives of a business should therefore encompass several environmental and ecological issues and factors. In other words, in any analysis of a business’ performance, the social, cultural, health-related and monetary/financial aspects of its operations must be integrated. Thus, the idea of sustainability surpasses sustained business yields of welfare, resources and profit and touches on social and communal effects (Farley & Daly, 2004). This paper explores the benefits that Janssen UK, a medium-sized leading transnational research-based pharmaceutical company with its headquarters in High Wycombe might enjoy from sustainability, the leadership initiatives by which the company may become a leader in sustainability and how the organisation’s leadership might effect the sustainability change. The Benefits of Sustainability The big question that many people, especially company managers and CEOs ask is whether sustainability really works. In other wo rds, are there real benefits of sustainability? For Janssen UK, the general and simplest response to this question is yes. This answer is supported by the fact that other top-ranking small-, medium- and large-sized organisations in the world are either practicing or introducing sustainability to their operations and practices. In addition, more workers now choose organisations or employers based on their environmental credentials, friendliness and corporate citizenship (Hawken & Lovins, 1999). Nonetheless, owners, CEOs and managers continue to question the costs and financial benefits even as they enjoy the benefits of sustainability. It is however generally supported that businesses that seek to reduce the amount of resources or materials used in the production of the same amount of goods and services or that seek to reduce cases of sick leave while improving staff retention rates definitely enjoy the financial benefits of sustainability (Von Weizsacker, 1998). That sustainability has immense personal and professional benefits is evidenced by the reports of organisations that successfully implement sustainability programs. The benefits of sustainability for Janssen UK may be largely categorised as financial, brand and reputation, human resources and employee engagement and environmental benefits. Under the financial benefits, Janssen UK may enjoy reduced energy and water usage, hence reduced production costs (Daly & Cobb, 1999). In addition, Janssen UK could enjoy reduced paper, waste and associated costs as well as reduced use of production materials. In some cases, the company may receive grants due to its improved sustainability practices. The other likely financial benefit of sustainability to Janssen UK is visibility of business performance as a result of mandatory reporting. As mentioned earlier, businesses that implement sustainability programs have numerous human resources and employee engagement benefits. For Janssen UK, these benefits include but ar e not limited to improved working conditions, increase productivity, improved attraction and retention of labourers, increased staff loyalty and lowered costs associated with improved human resource outcomes (Jackson et al., 2008). The third category of the benefits of sustainability, the brand and reputation benefits include better corporate social responsibility performance, lowered liability and risk management, improved competitiveness and market positioning and increased

Direct Practice in Social Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Direct Practice in Social Work - Essay Example Therapy is likely to be most effective when a therapist is fully integrated into the treatment relationship; hence a therapist’s ability to fully and honestly express feelings and perceptions may be helpful in dispelling the notion of a â€Å"false front† being put forward by the practitioner (Clark, 2007:71). The objective of treatment is to gain authenticity in the therapist-client relationship, but these disclosures should be â€Å"purposeful and well timed† if they are to be beneficial (Clark, 2007:71). If on the other hand, such self disclosure is not purposeful and is done in a judgmental sort of way, it could be problematic because it could undermine the efficacy of the treatment and thereby, the therapist’s objective of gaining authenticity in the relationship. 2. The client Linda is a sexually abused person with a very negative perception of herself. Hence, it may be much better to focus upon the client herself and work towards helping her deal with her negative perceptions of herself rather than involving the therapist’s personal reactions to the client. Linda sees a rift between the therapist and herself, she perceives the therapist as being in a position of superiority. Hence if the therapist talks to Linda about her personal reactions to her client, then it needs to be done in a positive, focused manner. Rather than the therapist using a self involved statement such as â€Å"right now, I’m feeling a little cornered†, it may be more effective to couch the therapist reaction in a more positive and honest way. For example, if the therapist had responded more honestly by stating, â€Å"I have not personally been through such a shattering experience as you have but as I listen to you, I am impressed by the strength an d courage you have displayed in this situation. While you may feel that I am in a superior position, I tend to view this situation differently; I feel that you are far superior to me because you have displayed

Creating an atmosphere of tension Essay Example for Free

Creating an atmosphere of tension Essay Compare the opening scenes of two film versions of Great Expectations and review how effective they are in creating an atmosphere of tension.  The widely known book Great Expectations by Charles Dickens has many film adaptations, but during this essay I will be concentrating on two particular versions, the 1945 version, directed by David Lean and the 1997 version, directed by Julian Jarrold. During this essay I will be reviewing how effective each of these openings are and comparing them. Camera Angles are clearly the most important factor at creating an atmosphere of tension in the opening of this film. For an audience of today the camera angles and shots, from the later version directed by Julian Jarrold is much more effective at creating tension, as the short, snappy changes between shots such as jump shot to the grave yard, close up on the convicts feet, jump shot, Pips face, jump shot, close up on the convicts feet again etc. This fast action keeps the audience engaged and they always have something to be looking at. Also Julian Jarrold cleverly uses sea gulls for two of the shots, to show that maybe something scary, that cant be shown on screen is happening and also can be compared to Pip trapped by the convict unlike the free, flying birds. This provokes the audience to wonder what might be happening and want to carry on watching to find out. However David Lean doesnt make much use of the Camera angles, and in effect his opening of the film isnt as interesting or engaging. In total David Lean uses about 10 different shots which compared to Julian Jarrold is nothing. But both directors use a similar shot during the opening, David Lean uses a long shot and Julian Jarrold uses a long shot, zooming in on Pip while on the marshes to show the setting of the film and to show how small and vulnerable Pip is. As well as the camera angles and shots the music and sound effects accompanying them play an important role at creating tension. In the opening credits of the earlier version, directed by David Lean, the music accompanying the credits convinces the audience with its happy, jolly, music that the film is going to be exactly how the music sounds, happy, jolly etc. but the actual opening of this film version is the total opposite, portraying a dark miserable opening to the film. Whereas Julian Jarrold in the later version, opens the scene with one long note of eerie, mystical music to set the atmosphere of the film. He also changes the speed in which the music is played, slowing it down in places to suit what may be happening the film. At the start of David Leans version he uses the older Pip to narrate from the book Great Expectations, which is lighted by a spot light, this isnt very effective as it tell the audience that Pip is still alive at the end, leaving some of the suspense out of the scene. David Lean uses a number of sound effects such as bird noises to make the marshes sound wild and tries to create tension by using the creaking of trees and rattling of chains on the convict. As the technology was not as well advanced in 1945 as it is today the sound effects are obviously not as good as the 1997 and this can make the film seem inadequate compared to Julian Jarrolds version. Similar to David Lean, Julian Jarrold uses a wide range of sound effects to show the wildness and desolate marshes, but he also uses sounds such as foot steps and heavy breathing which interrupts the music at times. Although David Lean contradicts the film with the music, he uses the weather effectively to set the atmosphere, using strong wind, that whistles in the vast open marshes, to show how desolate they are. In the later version, Julian Jarrold doesnt use the weather to set the mood, he uses clear blue skies, but he uses the sky to show the time changes, for example, when Pip is running home the sun is setting, to show that it is evening. Both directors have used similar sets for the marshes, flat, desolate areas to convey how small and alone Pip is. David Lean uses quite an open area for the graveyard which isnt that effective. Julian Jarrold however uses a long grassy field which is very enclosed where Pip is being chased toward the graveyard by the convict, which suggests Pip is being hunted like a wild animal. He uses this enclosed space to relate to todays audience. Both directors have chosen to light Pips face, as a sign of good and keep the convicts face dark, as a sign of evil. A c lassic thing that most directors tend to use. Both directors for the cast of the convict have ventured down similar paths. Using well built, ugly, bald and strong man for the role of the convict, that towers over Pip to show how small and venerable he is. The convict wear dark, dirty and ripped cotton clothing, to show that he has had a rough journey and has chains and an iron on his leg to show that he is a escaped convict. On the contrary the directors have chosen almost opposite actors for Pip. David Lean chose a blonde haired, blue eyed baby faced, neat and innocent looking boy, giving the impression he is a polite well behaved boy and Julian Jarrold chose a brown haired boy, with longish messy hair, brown eyes and a rough, rugged, cheeky look about him, to suit todays audience and meet their expectations of a boy of that age, so its easier for them to relate to the film. David Leans Pip wears a scarf, shirt, waist coast and slightly short trousers showing that he is poor and Julian Jarrolds Pip wears short trousers and a sh irt, which is very dirty and ripped. David Lean chooses to stay very close to the script in the book and the script is almost the exact writings from the book. But Julian Jarrold however decided to use none of the script and let the actions speak for themselves, in the whole of the opening only one word is said, which is MUMMY which is said by Pip.  In conclusion both films are effective at creating an atmosphere or tension for each of the targeted audiences. As the version directed by David Lean was made in 1945, people had different interests, so that particular version shown to an audience today may not be that effective as the later version directed by Julian Jarrold.